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SAKAKAWEA 

THE BIRD-WOMAN 




SAKAKAWEA 

THE BIRD-WOMAN 



A Statue by Leonard Crunelle, Erected on the State Capitol Grounds 

at Bismarck, North Dakota, by the Federation of Women's 

Clubs and the Children of the State 



THE BOOK OF 



A f a^^ant nf tli? Nnrtl|-ii?Bt 



WRITTEN IN COLLABORATION BY EIGHTEEN 
UNDERGRADUATE MEMBERS OF 



SIl? Back nnh luskin ^ortftg 

Under the Direction of 

PROFESSOR FREDERICK H. KOCH 

of the Department of EngHsh 




First Presented at the Seventh Annual Meeting of 

THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 

And on the Occasion of the Dedication of 
On the Campus of 

(Ulir Intorsttg at Norll| iaknla 

GRAND FORKS, NORTH DAKOTA 
MAY 28-29. 1914 






Copyright 1914, by 

FREDERICK H. KOCH 

All Rights Reserved 



ni 3 1914 



S■\^^<} sj-its riMtS-HE^ALO 



TO 
GEORGE PIERCE BAKER 

Professor of Dramatic Literature in 

HARVARD UNIVERSITY 

Pioneer in the University Movement 
Towards a Nev^ Drama 



(Fljp leturn of titp pagpant 

There seems to be a revival of pageantry among us. Five 
hundred years ago — fully two centuries before William Shakespeare 
was bom — the merchants and tradesmen of England performed on 
*'pageant" stages in their public squares, long cycles of Miracle 
and Mystery plays. And on the Continent too, in varying forms, 
these dramatic representations of Bible and Saint stories were widely 
popular. Such survivals as the Passion Plays of Ober-Ammergau 
in Bavaria, of Selsach in Switzerland, and of other villages so re- 
mote as to be hardly known to the outside world, suggest how in- 
timately the religious pageant was cherished by the masses. It was 
indeed the open theatre of the people. 

The first years of the present century mark something of a 
return of this popular play-form. The people have reclaimed the 
pageant. Beginning in Sherbom, England, in 1 905 it has not been 
long in finding its way to New England, and indeed the entire dis- 
tance across the new continent, from Yankee Maine to cosmopolitan 
California. An organization has been formed to conserve the idea, 
and the movement seems to be growing by leaps and bounds. A 
bulletin issued by the American Pageant Association announces, for 
the year 1913, a list of forty-six pageants, festivals and masks, pre- 
sented in fifteen different states. This month the city of St. Louis 
will present on the forested stage of its hillside theatre "a gigantic 
pageant," re-enacting the romance of its history and forecasting its 
future in poetic allegory. One hundred and twenty-five thousand 
dollars has been given by popular subscription to finance the enter- 
prise, experts have been enlisted in all depratments of the work, 
seven thousand five hundred St. Louisans will be the actors, and an 
audience of sixty thousand spectators will gather to participate in 
the most pretentious drama ever staged by a community. Such is 
the spirit and the scope of the new pageant movement, — a form of 
vast proportions, a wider conception of the out-of-doors drama than 



any yet evolved. What is its meaning? Is it only a passing shov/, 
or is it pointing the way towards a greater democracy in the drama? 

The new pageantry is first and last of the people. The com- 
munity furnishes at once its theme, its actors, its audience. For 
this reason it would seem peculiarly adapted to give to the people 
an adequate outlet for their constant desire to express in dramatic 
form their native, though too often arrested, sense of beauty. The 
dramatic seems to be the dominant art-impulse in the masses, and 
in this its latest phase, it is made to include all the other fine arts — 
poetry, music, dancing, coloring, modeling, building — in a compre- 
hensive, communal drama. It becomes indeed a patriotic embodi- 
ment of the life story of the people, recreating their romantic yes- 
terdays, interpreting their own stirring day, imaging forth their 
dreams of yet fairer tomorrows. If this new art can stir the imagi- 
nation of the people to do such things for themselves, surely co- 
operative liberty should flower ere long in a fairer state than any 
we have yet known, into something of lasting beauty. 

A peerless Shakespeare came only after the continuing efforts 
of many generations of folk-players, after slow years of experi- 
mentation in which every English tradesman had a part. England 
as a nation of amateur actors prepared the way for him, made him 
possible. Perhaps now in their enthusiastic revival of this favorite 
form the people are preparing for another, — this time for the Great 
One foretold by Ibsen in one of his last plays: "Some one is coming 
after me who will do it better . . . Only wait — you may 
be sure he will come, and let us hear of him." Perhaps the peo- 
ple's pageant of today is making ready for the coming of another 
Shakespeare — this time, one to interpret the American Age. 

F. H. K. 

Grand Forks, North Dakota 
May. 1914. 



THE DEDICATION OF 

OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA 
MAY 28, 1914 

For the Sock and Buskin Society .... Professor Frederick H. Koch 
For the University . President Frank L. McVey 




a no 

SonA-jfdc Theatrv 



Original Plan of the Bankside Theatre 



The BanJ^side Theatre is an out-of-door theatre constructed 
on the sloping banks of the English Coulee on the campus of the 
University of North Dakota, where in years long past the Indians 
met the English fur-traders of the Hudson's Bay Company. 



A Pageant of t^t Nortt|-llp0t 

In making "A Pageant of the North-West," the Sock and 
Buskin Society undertook a task which seemed at the first impos- 
sible, but the untiring effort of all the co-partners in the work has 
made it now a reality. 

The text of the pageant was written by eighteen undergrad- 
uate students in collaboration. It is in four parts, each part pre- 
pared by a group of four. One student wrote the prologue, the 
epilogue, and the interludes, while the music for the lyrics was com- 
posed by another. 

The interludes were designed to suggest the spirit and form 
of the old ballad, and to indicate the mood of the scenes they in- 
troduce. The leading parts are chanted by the Spirit of Prophecy, 
the refrains by a chorus of Attending Spirits who dance an har- 
monious accompaniment. 

In all essentials the historical facts have been strictly followed; 
in many cases the speeches have been retained in their original form. 
Native Indian music, recorded by Mr. Harold A. Loring, collector 
of songs and folk-lore of the American Indians for the United 
States government, has been introduced; and a group of full-blooded 
Chippewas with their costumes, trappings and instruments have been 
brought from the Turtle Mountain Reservation to take speaking parts 
in the scene, and so lend reality to the pageant. 

The story of the pageant is in four parts. The first three parts 
relate the remarkable adventures and achievements of three heroic 
Frenchmen — Radisson, LaSalle, and Verendrye — whose vision of a 
western empire impelled them to win for the flag of France all the 
wide wilderness of the great North-West. First came the resource- 
ful Radisson, preparing the way for the organization of the historic 
Hudson's Bay Company, in 1670; then, the gallant LaSalle, striv- 
ing to unite the warring tribes of the upper Mississippi Valley into 



a confederacy able to repel invasion, and protect the fur-traders 
who were to follow him; next, the far-sighted Verendrye, the first 
white man to follow the northern course of the Missouri River in 
the prairie country of what is now the Commonwealth of North 
Dakota. The fourth part, presenting the famous expedition of two 
intrepid Americans, Captains Lewis and Clark, marks the final con- 
quest for the United States of all the country westward to the 
Great Sea. At their first winter camp. Fort Mandan, on the 
Missouri River, near the present site of Stanton, North Dakota, 
they found Sakakawea, the Bird-Woman, whose kindly leadership 
guided them safely over the dangerous mountain ranges to the 
sheltered valleys by the Western Sea. 

Such is the story of "A Pageant of the North- West." It 
seems fitting to conclude it with the figure of Sakakawea, an em- 
bodiment of the undaunted will, and the friendliness of the homes 
of our great North- West. 

In its communal authorship "A Pageant of the North- West" 
is perhaps without a precedent in modern pageant-making. The 
work, though long and hard, — for the writers were more than nine 
months in collecting the historical data and converting them into 
pageant form — has been altogether refreshing, recalling the very 
beginnings of literature in "those happy days," as Herder calls 
them, when literature "lived in the ears of the people, on the lips, 
and in the harps of living bards." 

F. H. K. 



El\t Pageant ^xvntwn 

Master of the Pageant 
Professor Frederick H. Koch 

Director of Historical Materials 
Professor O. G. Libby 

Director of the Music 
Professor William W. Norton 

Director of the Dancing 
Miss M. Esther Pike 

Director of the Costuming 
Miss Flora E. Balch 

Director of Properties and Settings 
Mr. John Adams Taylor 

Directors of the Stage 

Miss Nella Kingsbury and 
Mrs. Christine Nielson Myrben 



Executive and Finance Committee 

Mr. J. W. Wilkerson 
Professor W. G. Bek 
Mr. Harry E. South 

Construction Committee 

Professor A. J. Becker 
Professor E. F. Chandler 
Professor E. B. Stephenson 
Professor R. T. Young 
Mr. C. A. Thompson 
Mr. Floyd J. Stevens 
Mr. F. H. Bacon 

Publicity Committee 

Mr. George E. Schlafer 
Professor W. W. Norton 
Mr. J. J. Petti John 
Mr. George A. Benson 
Mr. C. W. Graves 
Mr. Harry E. South 

Arrangements Committee 

Professor R. R. Hitchcock 
Professor George P. Jackson 
Professor H. E. Simpson 
Mr. Thomas Whelan 

Properties and Stage Committee 

Mr. John Adams Taylor 
Mr. Henry A. Doak 
Mr. E. C. Griess 
Mr. T. T. Lindsey 
Miss Almira Jewett 
Miss Hildegarde Fried 

Book Committee 

Miss Ethel E. Halcrow 
Mr. Henry A. Doak 
Mr. William Whitford 



The First Part 

Miss Johanna Londergan 
Miss Inga Leine 
Miss Eva Murphy 
Mr. Morrill Cook 

The Second Pari 

Mr. Harry E. South 
Miss Anne Bowman 
Miss Majel Chase 
Miss Ethel E. Halcrow 

The Third Part 

Miss Vera Kelsey 
Miss Catherine Hixon 
Miss Margaret Kolars 
Mr. Thomas Whelan 

The Fourth Part 

Miss Margaret Plank 
Miss Merle Rutherford 
Miss Emma Severson 
Miss Mabel Hanson 
Mr. William Whitford 

The Lyrics 
Mr. Cecil McKay 

The Music 
Miss Margaret Plank 



The Herald George P. Jackson 

The Spirit of Prophecy Cecil McKay 

Attending Spirits Anne Poupore, 

Inga Leine, Esther Halgren, Eva Poupore, Eva Rorke, 
Florence Gallup, Agnes Moe, Irene Cox, Else Rohde, 
Frances Collins, Jennie Gale, Stella Hoskins. 

QII|f IfxYBt Part: EabtsHun 

Radisson Harrison Brown 

Lord Mayor Joseph Koucky 

Duke of York Alvin Stomner 

Prince Rupert Wesley Johnston 

Ship Owner Porter Talcott 

Sea Captain John Graham 

First Merchant Lester Smith 

Second Merchant Albert Lindstrom 

Third Merchant Orval McHaffie 

Fourth Merchant V^emon McCutchan 

Tom Smith Morrill Cook 

First Nobleman John Boeing 

Second Nobleman Paul Matthews 

Third Nobleman Mack Traynor 

Fourth Nobleman George Perrott 

Butcher Herbert Metzger 

Baker Lloyd Reilly 

Blacksmith Wilbur Lycan 

Butchers' Gild Claude Mclver, 

Edwin Blenkner, Ralph Roy. 



Bakers' Gild Amon Flaten, 

W. Beard, Walter Tostevin, Sherman Pinkham. 

Blacksmiths' Gild Henry Murphy, 

George Fingarson, W. Lycan, John Moore. 

Butchers' Wives and Sweethearts Katherine Allen, 

Bella Reid, Ruth Carroll, Bertha Brainard Myrtle Halvor- 
son. 

Bakers' Wives and Sweethearts Johanna Londergan 

Ella Flynn, Olga Serumgard, Elsie Dahl, Evelyn Hilleboe. 

Blacksmiths' Wives Ella Thompson, 

Amy Gronna, Maud Woods, Marion Hoover, Inez Wil- 
liams. 

Merchants' Wives Margaret Plank, 

Eva Murphy, Mabel Hanson, Alma Johnson, Avice 
Wright. 

The Morris Dancers: Men Richard Thexton, 

Don Payne, Robert Lowe, William Ellison, Carroll John- 
son, Henry Roquette, John Jennison, Roland King, Frank 
Talcott, Louis Tellner, Laurence Thomas, Joe Snowfield. 

The Morris Dancers: Women Margaret Geister, 

Ethel Gemmel, Annie Miller, Elsie Mills, Mabel Martin, 
Mildred Noltimier, Florence Fried, Mabel Laxdahl, Myrtle 
White, Edith Hagert, Katheryn Robbins, Edith Youngberg. 

The Country Dancers — The members of the various gilds, 
their wives, and their sweethearts. 

©l|p ^rrcnb Part: ICa^alU 

LaSalle Harry E. South 

TONTY Arthur Shaft 

Friar Douay Hume Bacon 

L'ArcHEVEQUE Henry Schwam 

Duhaut Cuyler Anderson 



5il|P ^watib J?art; Ha ^allf (ronttnu^ h) 

HiENS Vine Lord 

Teissier Horace Webster 

Surgeon Liotot Lawrence Feetham 

Pauguk Joseph Forster 

Ka-GI-GE-GI-ZHIG LaRue Shaw 

Wa-BI-KE-KEK John Harris 

Pe-MI-KAW-WED Seymour Anderson 

Ke-BI-CUM-IG-ISH-KUNK Sherman Schlosser 

Indian Guide Don Payne 

Illinois Warriors Raymond Murray, 

Thomas Hesketh, John Hesketh, Theodore Roy, Harris 
Robinson, Lyal Merry, Earl Whitney, Bert Whitney. 

Miami Warriors Robert Mansfield 

Ernest Hancock, Wilham Leenhouts, Lewis Casmey, Ivin 
Harris, Ernest Coon. 

Shawanoe Warriors M. H. Bieseker, 

Herbert Miller, Charles Nollman, A. G. Hanson, A. J. 

Whitcomb, Frank Milloy, Richard Brooke, W. L. Johns, 

Monta Perry. 
Other Warriors Fred Wardwell 

Alonzo Grace, John Jennison. 

Illinois Squaws Inez Moore, 

Hortense Moore, Grace Hilleboe, Mary Goldberg, Frances 
Cathro, Hildegarde Fried, Vera Bollinger, Frances DuBois. 

Illinois Maidens Vera Markell, 

Edna Rasmussen, Lila Burgett, Majel Chase, Inez Seram- 
gard, Bernice Budge, Anne Bowman, Anna Nestos, Ger- 
trude Egermayer, Edith Fisher, Gladys Humphrey, Anne 
Miller. 

Illinois Children Edna Salt, 

Katherine Thian, Charlotte Maltman, Frank McVey, Vir- 
ginia McVey, Janette McVey, Margaret Libby, Frances 
Pettijohn, Margaret Gillette, Frances Jackson, William 
Pettijohn. 



Ollfip S^i|trd fart: Hrr^nbrgr 

Verendrye Randall Larson 

Pierre Howard Houston 

Henry Thomas Whelan 

Charles Porter Talcott 

Father Degonnor Alvin Stomner 

Doctor Wesley Johnston 

Mrs. Mowbray Margaret Kolars 

OcHAGACH Lyall Merry 

Indian Guide : Fred Gutknecht 

Trappers and Traders Arthur Shaft, 

George McClintock, Fred Mann, Elder Lium, Harry Fitch. 

Merchants Orval McHaffie, 

Vernon McCutchan, Lester Smith, Edgar Gustafson. 

Artisans Henry Murphy, 

George Fingarson, Claude Mclver, Amon Flaten. 

Fruit Seller Joe Snowfield 

Confetti Sellers Richard Thexton, 

Don Payne. 

Peddlers of Horns Louis Tellner, 

Laurence Thomas. 

MasQUERADERS Morrill Cook, 

Robert Lowe, Carroll Johnson, William Ellison, Roland 
King, Frank Talcott. 

Frenchwomen Gladys Hanawalt 

Alice Hunter, Hannah Thompson. 

Queen of the Carnival Grace Loughlin 

Dais Bearers Hume Bacon, 

Sylvan Lyksett, Albin Eiland, Wilbur Lycan, John Muir, 
Ray Nollman, Victor Gies, Martien Cook. 

Flower Girls Grace Kolars, 

Genevieve O'Keefe, Florence Brett, Helen Alexander. 



®lj^ ©Ijtrb Part: 'Mtttuht^t (rotttinueb) 

Flower Dancers 

Sn>eet Peas Vaughn Miller, 

Kate Cowan, Elaine Baldwin, Evelyn Bumam. 

Lilies Ruth Soule, 

Jessie Grassick, Lois Tombs, Ruth Smith. 

Pansies Louise Duggan, 

Maude Martin, Hazel Ladd, lone Beardsley. 

Daisies Frances Londergan 

Gertrude Healy, Martha Barnes, Winnifred Nelson. 

Children Phyllis Perrott, 

Mabel Perrott, Jessie Simpson, Robert Simpson, Kenneth 
Becker, Marjorie Wilkerson, Helen Brush, Elizabeth Brush. 

®I|0 Jaurtti Part: IQtht'XB mh (Ulark 

Captain Lewis Lawrence Feetham 

Captain Clark Hume Bacon 

Charbonneau William Boyce 

Black Cat John Hairis 

Black Moccasin LaRue Shaw 

Sheheka Seymour Anderson 

LaRochE Arthur Shaft 

McCracken George McClintock 

Jessuame Clayborn Angle 

SAKAKAWEA ETHEL HALCROW 

Sergeant Ordway Ralph Roy 

Sergeant Prior Fred Taylor 

Sergeant Gass Wallace Patterson 

Private Colter Albert Sheets 

Private Frazer Elwood Patterson 

Private Fields Frank Burns 

Private Hall Elder Lium 

Private Windsor Fred Mann 



©Il^ Jffaurtlj Part: Urtoia anb (Ulark (rontlnurb) 

Henderson Albin Eiland 

Haney Harry Fitch 

York, a negro Jack Johnson 

Lighting Crow Fred DuBois 

Eagle's Feather Henry Schwam 

Little Raven Earl Franklin 

Black Buffalo LaRoy Burdick 

Horned Weasel Rudolph Poelke 

Seeing Snake William Wyard 

Indian Youths Howard Plank 

James Cosgriff. 

Mandan Warriors Raymond Murray, 

Thomas Hesketh, John Hesketh, Theodore Roy, Hams 
Robinson, Lyall Merry, Earl Whitney, Bert Whitney, 
Ernest Coon, Ernest Hancock, Robert Mansfield, William 
Leenhouts, Lewis Casmey, Ivin Harris, M. H. Bieseker, 
Herbert Miller, Charles Nollman, A. G. Hanson, A. J. 
Whitcomb, Frank Milloy, Richard Brooke, W. L. Johns, 
Monta Perry, Alonzo Grace, Fred Wardwell. 

Indian Squaws and Maidens Hortense Moore, 

Grace Hilleboe, Mary Goldberg, Frances Cathro, Inez 
Moore, Hildegarde Fried, Vera Bollinger, Frances DuBois, 
Anne Bowman, Vera Markell, Edna Rasmussen, Anna 
Nestos, Lila Burgett, Gertrude Egermayer, Majel Chase, 
Edith Fisher, Inez Serumgard, Gladys Humphrey, Bernice 
Budge, Anne Miller. 

Indian Children Edna Salt, 

Charlotte Maltman, Katherine Thian, Margaret Libby, 
Frank McVey, Virginia McVey, Janette McVey, Francis 
Pettijohn, Margaret Gillette. 

A group of full-blooded Indians of the Chippewa tribe from 
the Turtle Mountain Reservation will take part in the Indian scenes. 

Prompter Miss Merle Rutherford 

1 



A f ageant of tl^p Nnrti|-3ipat 



The Pageant is announced b\) three trumpet calls of the Herald, 

The Spirit of Prophecy. 

A sialTPart old man in gray robe, bearing in his hand his prophet's 

staff. 

We beg you, gentle auditors, bear with us patiently. 

While we present before you on this stage 

Scenes quite forgotten, though the time is short. 

Lives these great heroes lived and dared — the dangers 

Of portage and prairie. The watchful savage. 

Fearing lest they should drive him from his home. 

Opposed their progress and proved a formidable enemy. 

What paltry stage, we pray, can picture to you 

The mighty hardships which these men endured. 

But on this turf, under the open sky, 

Here in this natural theatre, which we have named 

Bankside, in memory of Shakespeare, our eternal bard. 

Behold bold Radisson, newly arrived in London, 

Reciting to the eager merchants there 

Tales of adventure in that distant land 

Far to the north of those small English settlements 

Scattered along the great Atlantic's shore. 

Behold La Salle, forming a friendly bond 

At Starved Rock with the Illinois, 

Attempting to unite for strong defense 

That nation with the jealous neighboring tribes. 

Verendrye we will next present to you. 



Striving to reach the distant Western Sea, 

Wandering on through many tedious years, 

Till weary with his failure, he turns back 

To die; yet still undaunted his three sons 

Press on, determined to complete the task. 

They also fail to reach the goal, and die. 

Next shall you see Lewis and Clark, two men 

Who owe their exploration's great success 

To the Bird- Woman, Sakakawea. 

She guided safely over peak and plain 

Until the broad Pacific's shore was reached. 

Let the events which we will picture here. 

Fill you with pride for this our native state. 

Whose soil the feet of these brave men once pressed. 




' ' That intrepid French explorer and trader whose 
career bears nothing in it so worthy of his daring and 
of his resourcefulness as the part he took in the 
founding of the Hudson 's Bay Company. 

- Libby. 



®t|p 3Firat fart: lalitBaon 

The Formation of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1667. 
Scene: London, The Gild Hall. 

The Gild Hall, garlanded in festive colors, awaits the coming 
of the merchants and tradesmen of London-town, for to-day they 
hold high holiday and make great revelling. Shouts are heard 
from the crowd, off-stage — "Here they come! They come." "The 
Gild Parade!" Trumpets sound far down the street. The pro- 
cession approaches, with ever increased enthusiasm from the crowd. 

Morris players, with their quaint costumes and dances, enter 
the Hall, leading the procession. Then, preceded by two courtly 
torchbearers, comes the Mayor, strutting proudly along, and ac- 
knowledging with great dignity the cheers of the crowd. Next 
are the merchants, marching haughtily along with their wives, and 
carrying a huge purple banner with the inscription, "Merchant Gild 
of London," in large gold letters. Then come the bakers, dressed 
in white jackets, caps, and trousers, carrying a great loaf of bread, 
waving to their friends, and dancing along with their wives and 
sweethearts. Then follow in order the glovers, carrying a huge 
glove; the blacksmiths with their leather aprons, carrying a 
large wooden horse shoe; the hatters with a great hat; the gold- 
smiths with a banner; and the apothecaries with a large mortar 
and pestle. The parade is completed by the butchers' gild with 
the members dressed in white aprons and caps, carrying a boar's 
head. The Morris players dance toward the center of the stage 
while the rest of the procession arrange themselves, with jest and 
laughter, at the back. Small, lithe Tom Smith, the baker, 
pokes prim Miss Lucinda Brown, the glover's sweetheart, because 
he knows she will scream and shock herself and her sweetheart, 
too. Then he trips Jones, the hatter, who struts along so proudly. 



A Pageant of the North -West 

Wherever Tom goes you may be sure mischief is afoot, and Tom 
goes everywhere. But see, attention is drawn toward the center 
of the stage, for there the dance of the Morris players is in full 
swing. What wild, free movements, suggesting open fields, whole- 
some hearts. Indeed, it is nature's own expression of joy! Fat, 
jovial Brown, the baker, grabs Mrs. Hawkins, the blacksmith's wife, 
and awkwardly tries to imitate the dancers, but succeeds only in 
tripping poor Mrs. Hawkins, who does not look as if she were 
enjoying Brown's attentions. The Morris dancers finish, and their 
success is vouched for by the wild applause and cheers of the 
merrymakers. The crowd can no longer resist the music, and in a 
wink an old-fashioned country-dance is in progress. Suddenly, in 
the midst of the merriment, the herald blows his trumpet. What 
can this mean? The revelling ceases instantly, and everyone is 
breathless with expectation. 

The trumpeter has hardly ceased his call when there enters a 
group of men who, from their very bearing, suggest aristocracy. 
Yes, that is the Duke of York in advance; all eyes are directed 
to the two men behind him who are so earnestly engaged in discus- 
sion. One is surely Prince Rupert, but who is the stranger with 
him? It is Radisson, the famous French explorer. Several noble- 
men, shipowners, and sea captains follow, but they receive scant at- 
tention from the crowd. The regal party advances toward the 
Lord Mayor, who struts out pompously to receive them. After a 
few words with the Duke, he holds up his hand for silence and ad- 
dresses the crowd. 

Lord Mayor: 

Hold ! The Duke of York is come ! 

The Duf^e steps forward on the platform. He is tall, 
dignifiecl, stately, but too much an egotist to he a favorite 
Tvith the people. With much pomp he addresses the 
crowd. 



The First Part: Radisson 

Duke of York: 

Loyal subjects of the King! To England has come a great ex- 
plorer — Radisson. He has been in the wilderness of America and 
comes to present to you an enterprise of great worth. Let all re- 
spect be shown him. 

Radisson steps out from the crowd. Tall, straight as 
an arrow, he stands. His hair is darl?, streamed with 
gra^, his features clear cut and firm, his face lined with 
marks of struggle and privation. The dauntless will 
gleaming from his epes marks him as a leader of men. 

Radisson : 
Merchants and craftsmen of London! I have come from the court 
of Louis of France. I sought the support of the French in a great 
enterprise, promising rich returns. My own countrymen failed to 
grasp this opportunity. I come to you, you leaders of industry, you 
promoters of trade, to offer you a place in this venture for vast 
riches beyond the Great Lakes of America. 

The Crowd: 
Hear ! Hear I 

A Butcher: 

In the merrymaking he stood apart, disgruntled; now he 
shouts sneeringl^. 

H'm! If this enterprise is so fine, why wouldn't France have it? It 
looks funny to me. 

A Glover : 

Big chunk to swallow. 

Several others, who are distrustful of anything French, 
are silenced fcp the crowd. 



A Pageant of the North-West 

The Crowd: 
Impatiently. 

Peace! Ho! Hear! Hear Radisson! Aye! Aye! Radisson! 

The irrepressible Tom Smith shoves the butcher's hat over 
his face, 

Radisson : 

For three years, with my good companion Grosseilliers, I have been 
in the north of this new country. Here no white man had yet come. 
The natives Hve by hunting in the winter and fishing in the summer. 
There is, in this country, a vast supply of furs, an inexhaustible har- 
vest. It is awaiting you. You have only to come for it. The 
Indians are friendly. They ojffered us their pelts for mere trinkets. 
You have only to establish small trading posts. With a supply 
of bright color, the wealth, the entire wealth, of this great country 
is yours ! 

The crowd has listened Tviih intense interest, and Tvith ex- 
clamations of wonder and surprise separates into excited 
groups. 

Duke of York: 

Rising pompously). 
Loyal subjects of the King! Truly, this is an opportune occasion. 
Opened before us we see a vast land teeming with untouched wealth. 
Sons of England! Behold in this the vast opportunity to assure 
England's future greatness. I, myself, will offer to head the com- 
pany which shall further England's glory and make her the nation 
above all others in the world of commerce. 

Lord Mayor: 

He steps forward to display his blatant rhetoric. 
Worthy citizens of London! This is indeed a magnificent oppor- 
tunity. We should take advantage of it. It means wealth! Un- 



The First Part: Radisson 

valued wealth! And who here does not wish to be rich? We 
will send ships to this land of buffaloes and beaver, and we will 
supply the whole world with furs. We must make England the 
mistress of the world in the fur trade. And ours, worthy citizens, 
ours shall be the profit and honor of this magnanimous undertaking. 

During the Ma^or^s speech, Tom Smith, on the edge of 
the crowd, and so placed that the Ma^or cannot see him, 
imitates Tvith exaggeration the Mayor's oratorical efforts. 
Some titter and nudge each other, hut when the Mayor 
finishes, they give him hearty applause, and cheer lustily. 
A merchant trader then rises. During his speech some 
nod their heads in approval, others turn to their neighbors 
with a brief, ''He's right. This is a good thing.'* 

A Merchant Trader: 

Fellow-citizens, this has been a subject of much concern to me. 
Conditions demand a change. Our fur supplies are giving out. In 
Virginia they were long ago exhausted; in the southern colonies and 
Massachusetts they are running low. In New York alone is there 
still a brisk fur trade. If we, as traders, wish to hold our position, 
we must find a new source of supplies. This man has found what 
we are looking for, an unexplored country with natives eager to 
barter with us. I am in favor of seizing this opportunity, organ- 
izing a company, and at once planting the English flag on this 
domain. 

The crowd applauds with good spirit. 

A Ship Owner: 
This plan meets with my hearty approval because it fosters an in- 
dustry for which England is naturally adapted. We have ever 
been a maritime power, steadily advancing, until now our position 
is unquestioned. But we cannot rest on our laurels; the Dutch and 



A Pageant of the North-West 

the French are our close rivals. This opportunity is unparalleled. 
Let us seize it, and by building up a steady commercial intercourse 
between this new land and our own, we will make England mistress 
of the seas. 

A Sea Captain: 

You're right. Captain. It's a mighty fine chance to get even. Just 
watch France when she hears of it. Ha! Ha! We beat the 
Dutch and we beat the Spaniards; now for the French! 

Various expressions of approval and disapproval from the 
crowd. 

Prince Rupert: 

Merchants and craftsmen of London! I am greatly interested in 
this plan, this wonderful enterprise. But we must work together. I 
suggest that we organize a company, naming it after that great 
region where we shall work, Hudson Bay. We must first issue stock 
and approximate the financial support we shall receive. I, for one, 
will take stock amounting to £300. 

Duke of York: 
Prince, I, too, will pledge £300. 

Prince Rupert: 
Ah. the Duke of York pledges £300. 

First Nobleman: 
I pledge £600. 

Second Nobleman: 
And I, £700. 

Third Nobleman: 
I will pledge £500. 



The First Part: Radisson 

A Ship Owner: 
I pledge £150. 

A Sea Captain: 

He has been making up a pool rvith some of his compan- 
ionsy and notv holds up in>o or three sacf^s of money in 
one handy raises the other and shouts: 
And we pledge £25. 

A Baker: 

Amongst the bakers another pool has been made^ and one 
of their number announces the result. 

Our craft pledges £20. 

Lord Mayor: 
I, myself, will pledge £ 1 7. 

Prince Rupert: 

Ah, now I am assured of financial support. We have only to ob- 
tain a charter from the King, and select a patron or leader. When 
this is done nothing can prevent our success. 

The Crowd: 
Radisson ! Radisson ! 

Radisson : 
People of London! My heart is filled with gratitude at your 
generous reception of my plan. You have proved yourselves a 
great commercial people. You have shown the world your won- 
derful insight, your swiftness in grasping opportunities, your com- 
mercial wisdom. The time has now come for you to use your 
great power and limitless resources in this work. I will stake my 
life to make it a success, and I know that, together, we shall win. 



A Pageant of the North-West 

We shall make the Hudson's Bay Company the greatest and richest 
commercial enterprise the world has yet known. 

The Crowd: 

As the explorer and the ducal patr^ leave the Hall, the 
merrymakers iolloxv dancing and shouting. 

Radisson ! Radisson ! Radisson ! 




Ca Sail? 



"He belonged not to the age of the knight- errant 
and the saint, but to the modern world of practical 
study and practical action. America owes him an 
enduring memory; for in this masculine figure she 
sees the pioneer who guided her to the possession of 
her richest heritage. " 

— Parktnan. 



A SONG FOR THE DEAD. 

To be chanted b^ the SPIRIT OF PROPHECY and the 
Attending Spirits. 

I. 

Weep, weep, there is cause to weep. 
Weep, weep, there is cause for grief. 
Weep, weep, let the red blood seep. 
Into the cruel, thirsty ground. 

Weep, weep, there is cause to weep. 
Weep, weep, there is cause for grief. 
Weep, weep, the dark blood does seep. 
Into the cold, thirsty ground. 

II. 

Vow, vow that the dead, the slain. 
Shall, shall be avenged, avenged; 
Vow, vow that the dreadful stain. 
Shall, shall be wiped from thy name. 

Weep, weep, there is cause to weep. 
Weep, weep, there is cause for grief. 
Weep, weep, shall the red blood seep. 
And the dead be unavenged? 

III. 

Pledge, pledge to LaSalle your trust. 
Pledge, pledge that the foe may fear; 
Pledge, pledge, shall the carbine rust 
And the dead be unavenged? 

Wail, wail, there is cause to wail. 
Wail, wail, there is cause for grief. 
Wail, wail, but the foe shall quail. 
And the slaughtered shall be avenged. 



®Ijp ^firond part: ICa ^alb 

Episode 1. Pauguk, the Indian Omen of Death. 
Scene: A typical Indian lodge. 

Squaws emerge from the tepees and light the camp fire. Chil- 
dren play about the fire and among the tepees. Here a boy is 
trying to replace a broken bow-string. The squaws are busy; some 
making moccasins, one grinding corn, and still others getting ready 
the evening meal. A young girl is seen making a basket, and 
another is weaving a mat. 

Suddenly a hush comes over the camp. Unexpected, unan- 
nounced, unseen, from the rear comes Pauguk, the Indian embodi- 
ment of Death, grim, stern, foreboding. He stands for a moment, 
unnoticed. Then, waving his bat-like wings slightly, he fixes his 
stare on a group of warriors silently approaching from the dis- 
tance. The very absence of all sounds is ominous. One of the 
squaws, as if impelled by an unseen power, turns her gaze upon 
Pauguk. The woman struggles against the force which is im- 
pelling her to turn; but slowly, irresistibly, she is forced to yield. 
The others turn also. All stand watching Pauguk in terror-stricken 
expectancy. The warriors enter with their gruesome burdens. As 
the women recognize the dead bodies of their braves, they rock to 
and fro, wailing. 

The wail is wierd, uncanny. It is a cry for the departed soul. 
In it is heard the quavering lament of the lonely wolf, the story of 
the fruitless hunt, the tale of the deserted tepee, and the unkept 
camp-fire. It rises and falls as the changing tide. It is the cry 
of the untamed human heart. 

The unrelenting figure of Pauguk remains motionless, gazing 
grimly on the scene. The bodies are deposited on rude litters. Va- 
rious squaws approach, and remove the burial wrappings from the 



A Pageant of the North-West 

faces, to recognize their dead. Then the men bear off their burdens 
to the funeral scaffolds, followed by the mourning squaws and 
children. The scaffolds of rude poles and bark <^^^ visible to the 
audience just off the stage, right, and a little to the rear. Behind 
them stands Pauguk, immovable, a silent witness of the cruelty of 
their savage enemy, the Iroquois. The wailing continues while the 
bodies are raised to the scaffolds. When they are placed at rest, 
the imposing figure of Pauguk rises to his full height, stretches up 
his ommous wmgs, and gloats over the scene. Then the sorrowing 
Illinois return to their tepees in stoic submission* 



*The Dir.i;e for the Dead in the burial ceremony, and other Indian 
music in the Pag-eant, is native music recorded by Mr. Harold A. 
Loring-, collector of the songrs and folklore of the American Indians 
for the United States government, and is used by his permission. 



®ljF Bttcnh Part: IQnBnlk 

Episode IL The Grand Council. 1681. 
Scene: Starved Rock, Illinois. 

A grand council has been called, at which LaSalle is to talk 
to the Indians and propose his plans. Seated for the council are 
Miami, Illinois, Abenakis, Mohegans, Foxes, and others, all waiting 
for LaSalle to appear. Suddenly LaSalle and Toxity, LaSalle's 
right hand man, with an Indian guide, are seen approaching in a 
canoe. LaSalle and Tonty alight. They are greeted with grave 
ceremony by the different chieftains, and given the place of honor. 
LaSalle arises and greets the council. 

LaSalle : 

Children! Mighty chiefs of the Illinois, Miami, and Mohegans — 
brave warriors ! I am glad to see you here. Here a fire has been 
lighted for you to smoke by. You have done well, my children, to 
obey the command of the white chief in coming together. You will 
hear his word, which is full of peace and friendship. (Interpreter.) 
I come not for war, but for peace. It is good work that brings us 
together in council. Courage, then, my children! As a sign of our 
friendship, we will smoke the tobacco sent from the Great .White 
King. (Interpreter.) 

Toniy distributes the tobacco; first to the chiefs, then the 
Warriors, each according to his rank' They smoke the 
pipe of peace. 

LaSalle : 
He addresses the Illinois. 
To you, Ka-gi-ge-gi-zhig, chief of the Illinois, and your brave 
warriors, greatest of the western tribes, I speak. For you, O Illi- 



A Pageant of the North-West 

nois, whose dead are many as the birds of the forest, the Great 
Father is pleading. He would save the lives of his people. Where 
is the Illinois village? The meadow is black with fire. Every- 
where there are heaps of ashes. (Interpreter.) Where are the 
warriors? Howling wolves feed on your dead. The air is black 
with buzzards. Your dead are torn down from the scaffolds. Their 
bones lie bleaching in the sun. Everywhere on the blackened poles 
of your wigwams are the bloody heads of your old men, and all 
about the the half-burned bodies of your women and children bound 
to the stakes. Your caches have been robbed. Your maize fields 
have been burned. All is dead and bare. The sun sets on a wil- 
derness. (Interpreter.) 

He stops speaking for a moment, and half suppressed TPail- 
ing is heard. 

LaSalle: 
My heart is sad to see no canoes on the water, no hunters in 
the woods, no lodges in your villages, to hear no welcome from 
your warriors. Therefore have I come, my children, to bring cloths 
to cover your dead and many presents to do them honor. It is the 
Iroquois who have killed your people and destroyed your villages. 
The ominous red stone the Iroquois have left behind them, a cruel 
sign of their outrages. (Interpreter.) The Iroquois are subjects of 
the Great White King and LaSalle, [Gesture to himself] but they 
have disobeyed. The Great King is angry. LaSalle is angry. I prom- 
ised you guns and protection. You doubted me. Your enemies 
came like wolves to devour you. Your brother, LaSalle, has come 
to offer you protection. He will live among you and supply you 
with goods, and you will live at peace. (Interpreter.) 

LaSalle sits doTDn. Illinois chief rises and speaks. 

Illinois Chief: Ka-gi-ge-gi-zhig (His-sun-never-sets) : 
The paleface is a great warrior. We will call him chief. We will 



The Second Part: LaSalle 

go to our people. We will all live in peace. [Holds up calumet.] 
We will bring to the white chief much corn. He shall be our chief, 
(Interpreter.) 

TONTY: 

He addresses the Miami. 

Mighty Miami, you have lost your chief, and the great LaSalle 

has come to fill his place. He will take the name of your dead 

chieftain. He will support his squaws and children. (Interpreter.) 

The Miami grunt in approval. Tonty hands ttvo belts 
of nyampum to their representatives. 

LaSalle : 
He speaks to the Miami. 

My master, the French King, is a great ruler. The chiefs 
you have seen are but children beside him. He is a great tree, and 
they are blades of grass. He will protect you. You must live at 
peace with the Illinois. You are foolish to form a league with the 
Iroquois. If they destroy the Illinois, they will next destroy you. 
You must be all one great family. [Gesture to all the /rites] . If 
you will be children of the great French king, we will drive out 
the enemy and build up a powerful people. (Interpreter.) 

They listen, Ti>ell pleased. LaSalle sits. 

Miami Chief: Wa-bi-ke-kek (White Hawk): 
He rises. 

Brave warrior of the Great White King, the Illinois is our brother. 
We will live at peace with him. (Interpreter.) 

Illinois chief rises. LaSalle and Tonty rise. 

ToNTY : 

My chief has said that he will keep back the Iroquois. He has 
promised you the protection of the Great King. You do well to 



A Pageant of the North-West 

trust him. You will have much game and corn and wampum. (In- 
terpreter.) 

At this point an Illinois brave enters, and stands at the 
edge of the council with hand upraised. The Illinois chief 
beckons him in. In the Indian sign language, he informs 
his chief that there is a band of Shan>anoes outside who 
wish admittance. The chief gives his consent. The brave 
departs, then returns before a Shawance chief and ten 
Warriors. The Shawanoe chief, Pe-mi-l-(aw-wed (He-who 
malies-fooi-tracl^s-going-by), expresses in pantomime his 
desire to speak to LaSalle, and permission is given. 
Through sign language, LaSalle discovers that he has 
come all the wa}^ from the Ohio River to seek the pro- 
tection of the French. LaSalle tells him that the home of 
the Shawanoes hj the Ohio is too distant, but that if the}) 
will come to the Illinois the}) shall be safe. Pe-mi-k(i'^-^<^d 
promises to join LaSalle in the autumn at Fort Miami. 
All are now seated with the exception of LaSalle, who 
closes the council. 

LaSalle : 
Brothers, it is well. No more can the Iroquois trouble you. The 
faces of your children will be bright again. Your hunt will be 
successful. Your corn fields will not be destroyed. The French 
will live among you. They will build up a gr^at nation here. It 
will include all the tribes from the Great Sea Water toward the 
Rising Sun to the land of the Sioux, and open up the country to the 
mouth of the Father of Waters. They will buy your furs and sell 
you the goods of the white man. The smoke of this council fire 
shall spread over the whole country, and we will all live at peace. 
(Interpreter.) 

He indicates by a gesture thai the council is closed. The 
Indians gradually; disperse, and LaSalle and Tonty retire 
to the canoe. The Indian paddles them slowly out of 
sight. 



®Ij^ ^^rnttln Part: Sai^alb 

The Spirit of Prophecy. 

Six years have passed since bold LaSalle gathered 

The warring tribes around his council fire 

And bade them dwell in peace with one another. 

But now, he, who could unify the savages. 

Is powerless to restrain his followers. 

Daily their spirits grow more discontent, 

Until mutiny breaks forth, and he, 

Who led them through the Avilderness, himself is slain. 



Episode III. The Death of LaSalle. 1687. 
Scene: A Wilderness Camp, in what is noTV Texas. 

At the time this scene takes place, LaSalle and his party are 
on their way to Canada. Joutel, a trusty soldier from Fort St. 
Louis, is with them. He is to go to Quebec and to proceed thence 
to France to solicit aid for the colony, while LaSalle is to return 
to Texas. They are not a prosperous looking company. They 
lead with them their five horses, laden with their scanty baggage; 
and, what is of no less importance, their stock of presents for the 
Indians. Some wear the remains of the clothing they have worn 
from France, eked out with deer skins, dressed in the Indian man- 
ner, and some have coats of old sail-cloth. Here is LaSalle, in 
whom one would know at a glance the chief of the party. Here, 
too, are his nephews, Moranget and young Cavelier; the trusty 
soldier, Joutel; and the friar Anastase Douay. Also, here is Duhaut, 
a man of respectable birth and education ; and Liotot, the surgeon 
of the party. The other men are Hiens, a German ex-buccaneer; 
L'Archeveque, a servant of Duhaut; Nika, LaSalle's Indian hun- 
ter, who has tv/ice crossed the ocean with him; Saget, his faithful 
servant, and others to the number of seventeen. They are a motley 
group. At home they might perhaps have lived and died with a 
fair repute; but the wilderness is a rude touchstone, which often 
reveals traits that would have lain buried and unsuspected in civi- 
lized life. 

They have not been an harmonious company. LaSalle has not 
been in good favor with his men because of his cold and haughty 
reserve. Duhaut and the surgeon Liotot, both of whom have a 
large pecuniary interest in LaSalle's enterprise of colonization, are 
disappointed in its unprofitable results. They have quarreled with 



The Second Part: LaSalle 

young Moranget, LaSalle's nephew. There have been several in- 
trigues. It is even stated on good authority that Liotot has secretly 
sworn vengeance on LaSalle, whom he holds responsible for the 
death of his brother. On a former journey this young man's 
strength had failed, LaSalle had ordered him to return to the fort, 
and he had been killed by Indians on the way. 

On the 1 5th of March, the party camped within a few miles 
of a spot which LaSalle had passed on a preceding journey, and 
where he had left some Indian corn and beans in cache. Pro- 
visions were short, so LaSalle sent a party from camp to find it. 
These men were Duhaut, Liotot, Hiens, the buccaneer, Teissier, 
L'Archeveque, Nika, the hunter, and LaSalle's servant, Saget. They 
found the contents of the cache spoiled, but Nika managed to shoot 
two buffaloes. They encamped on the spot, and sent the servant to 
ask LaSalle to send horses to bring in the meat. Accordingly, 
LaSalle sent Moranget and DeMarle, with the necessary horses, 
to go with Saget to the hunters' camp. When they arrived they 
found that Duhaut and his companions had already cut up the 
meat, and laid it upon scaffolds for smoking. Duhaut and the 
others had also put by, for themselves, certain portions of the meat 
to which, by woodland custom, they had a perfect right. Moranget 
fell into a most unreasonable fit of rage, berated and menaced Duhaut 
and his party, and ended by seizing upon the whole of the meat, 
including the reserved portions. This added fuel to the fire of 
Duhaut s old grudge against Moranget and his uncle. He took 
counsel apart with Hiens, Teissier, and L Archeveque, and they 
decided to kill Moranget that night. The plot was kept secret. 
Night came; and while Moranget, Saget, and Nika were peacefully 
sleeping, the villainous plotters foully murdered all three. Even 
DeMarle was forced to compromise himself. 

LaSalle, meanwhile, anxiously waited one da}'^; and then. 



A Pageant of the North-West 

alarmed by the delay, set out in a canoe with Friar Douay and 
an Indian guide to search for them. This scene opens with the 
mutineers in camp, shortly before LaSalle discovers them. L'Ar- 
cheveque, Duhaut, the surgeon Liotet, Hiens, and Tiessier are in 
temporary camp. They walk in, all talking earnestly. 

L'Archeveque: 
LaSalle will search for us. He will suspect something. 

Duhaut : 

LaSalle, indeed! [Sneers.] Let rne hear no more of the over- 
bearing fellow. He tried to give that insolent Moranget command 
over us. We had to kill him. We endured his impudence too long. 

L'Archeveque: 

Let LaSalle die too! It is his turn now. We are all tired of his 
foolish delays and his haughty treatment. Why wait longer? Let 
him die. ! 

Trvo shots are heard. All are startled. 

Duhaut : 

Back! 'Tis he! He seeks Moranget! Are you ready? We'll 
hide in the reeds. You wait here. [To L'Archeveque.] Make 
him angry. Then we'll have an excuse for attacking him. 

All hide, except L'Archeveque, who remains in sight. 
LaSalle, Friar Doua}), and Ke-be-cum-ig-ish-f^unk (He- 
who-treads-the-earth-to-the-end) , the Indian guide, come 
up the river in the canoe. They land at a short distance 
from L'Archeveque and the hidden men. 

Friar Douay : 

Here are footprints! [LaSalle moves forward impatiently).] Yes, 
my son, but you must not be rash. Remember you do not deal 
with Indians now, but with treacherous white men! 



The Second Part: LaSalle 

LaSalle : 

True, true! All my life I have regretted that I could not manage 
my men. Always I could control the Indians, but not my own men. 

Friar Douay: 

But, my son, you have been successful. You have opened up 
the great country of the Mississippi. You have done much for 
France. Even though you have not been able to control white 
men, you have been successful. Here — who is that? 

LaSalle : 

He goes toivard the figure. 

Holla there! L'Archeveque ! Where are the men? Where is 
Moranget? 

L'Archeveque does not answer, and LaSalle continues. 
Where are they? Answer me! 

L'Archeveque: 

He ansnjers v^ith cool and studied insolence. 
Wandering about somewhere. 

LaSalle : 

He advances toivard him threateningly. 
Where are they, I say! Answer me, or I'll 

L'Archeveque: 

He retreats nearer to hiding place. 
Somewhere here. Don't know. Don't care. 

LaSalle is angr^. He rushes at L'Archeveque and comes 
nearer to the ambuscade. A shot is fired from the grass; 
then another. LaSalle drops dead. The friar stands 
terror-stricken. Duhaut rushes from the hushes and calls 
to the friar. 



A Pageant of the North-West 

DUHAUT: 

Not you, father, not you! It was LaSaile we wanted. He'll not 
rob us of our money! He'll not ruin us! He'll not lead us to 
death. His skulking dog, Moranget, won't rule us! 

The Friar bends over the body of LaSalle. Others gather 
around. 

LlOTOT : 

He cries out in exultation. 

There thou liest, great Bashaw, there thou liest! 

The Indian guide falls on the bod}), but is ^ic^eJ aWay. 
The murderers mock at the body and drag it into the 
bushes, folloTved by the guide and the friar, n>ho crosses 
himself repeatedly. 




ISnmit^t 



"He sketched the broad outlines of a fur trade 
empire for the greater North- West, hut the consumma- 
tion of his far-reaching designs came in a later gen- 
eration and under an alien flag. 

— Lihby 



THE VOYAGEUR'S BOAT SONG 

To he chanted b^ the SPIRIT OF PROPHECY and the 
Attendant Spirits 

I. 

Ho, ho, the rushing stream is foaming. 
Ho, ho, the boat is wet with spray. 
Ho, ho, we love the life of roaming. 

Roaming, roaming through the quiet day. 

II. 

Ho, ho, the portage now approaching. 
Ho, ho, the sturdy back must bend. 
Ho, ho, who here will bear reproaching; 

Reproaching, reproaching his sluggard ways to mend. 

III. 

Ho, ho, the bright camp fire is glowing. 

Ho, ho, the meat is on the fire. 

Ho, ho, the cool north wind is blowing. 

Blowing, blowing the tossing pine to tire. 

IV. 

Ho, ho, the morning light is breaking. 
Ho, ho, we greet the coming day. 
Ho, ho, we boatsmen now are taking. 

Taking, taking again our joyful way. 



Episode I. The Departure of Verendrye. 1741. 
Scene: Montreal, Bon Secours Marlf;ei. A sunn^ morning. 

It is early May in the year 1741. The last snow has dis- 
appeared, and the first flowers promise spring. The yearly Car- 
nival celebrating the Passing of Winter and the Coming of Spring 
is, therefore, the important event of the day. In the background, 
the market-stalls are festooned with every gay hue, flags, bunting, 
pennons, rosettes, streamers — in fact, all manner of things which fly, 
and flutter, and invite the eye. 

The little square is packed with a happy-faced humanity, all 
decorated for the occasion — some in grotesque costumes, others with 
gay or hideous masks. Even the poorest wear some ribbon or 
flower in honor of the gala occasion. 

Trappers, rivermen, tradesmen, artisans, all in their best with 
bright scarf or sashes flying; gay young girls in bright dresses; 
fathers of families bearing laughing children on their shoulders, 
while proudly smiling mothers follow; groups of frolicking, bump- 
ing, jumping children; shy couples, bold couples, but all happ}' 
couples — in fact, the entire town, it seems, has come for the great 
holiday of spring. The crowd separates good-naturedly to allow 
old women, who have come out to see the world, to be helped through 
and seated on benches by the river, where they may blink placidly 
in the sun, and watch the people and the river flowing past. 

Gay, pretty flower-girls weave through the crowd displaying their 
posies and smiles equally well; aged fruit sellers, trumpet-voiced 
confetti men, peddlers of horns and whistles; the cheerful clamor 
of speech and song fills the air. There are cries of venders, screams 
from the flower girls when some would-be purchaser attempts to 
take a kiss instead of his rose; there are gay streamers, showers of 



A Pageant of the North-West 

confetti, and blossoms everywhere. A long line of young men — 
grotesquely masked and costumed — with arms on each other's 
shroulders, seipentine through the crowd. Their number gradually in- 
creases, leaving deserted mothers, sisters, and sweethearts gazing en- 
viously after them. A travelling marionette show sends the crowds 
about it into shrieks of laughter. As it moves about from place to 
place the small boys follow, tugging after, and pushing for the 
choice positions. Curious vehicles come and go. One fam.ily 
rides proudly in and out in a pink cheese-cloth-covered wheel-bar- 
row, propelled by the blacksmith father amidst peltings of confetti. 

A bugle sounds ! A hush falls over the crowd ! As if by 
magic a way clears. Amidst cheers and shov/ers of confetti and 
flowers. Our Lady of Spring arrives, throned on a blossom-decked 
and canopied dais borne by eight young men. Her robe is of pink, 
the pink of rose-time. In her hair is a wreath of peach-blooms. 
Forty girls, representing different spring flowers, follow dancing and 
singing. Some wave ffowering wands. Others with baskets, scat- 
ter petals over the applauding crowd. The dais of Our Lady of 
Spring is placed in the foreground by the river-side, while her atten- 
dants kneel before her. 

Our Lady rises, waves her wand, and a space in the center is 
rapidly cleared. Three or four guitar players at the left of the crowd 
play a lively French air. The flower girls skip into the center and, 
amidst cheering and enthusiastic applause from the crowd, dance the 
old French Dance of the Spirit of Spring. Back and forth, in and 
out, they swing and sway in the rhythm of the dance while the by- 
standers watch, fascinated. 

When the excitement is highest, one of the musicians looking 
back, sees approaching a group contrasting strangely with the revelers. 
The other musicians, noting their companion's silence, turn in the 
same direction, then cease playing. This stops the dance. 



The Third Part: Verendrye 

As the group draws near, one of the bystanders recognizes the 
brave voyageur. La Verendrye. His cry of "Verendrye! Veren- 
drye!" is quickly taken up by the others and "Vive La Verendrye! 
Bravo! Bravo! Verendrye!" echoes and reechoes. 

First come several men whose dress, guns and luggage indi- 
cate them to be hunters and trappers. They are excited and talk 
with vehement gestures. Behind them stride, stolidly, several In- 
dians accompanied by two or three squaws. A short distance behind, 
Verendrye, his three sons, his nephew. La Jeremaye, and a priest 
walk slowly and thoughtfully. They are talking seriously, and 
every little while Verendrye refers to the map in his hands. 
At the sound of the cheers from the crowd, the approaching 
group looks up. Some of the traders respond with yells and waves 
of the hand; the Indians, however, retain their stolid composure. 
Verendrye looking up, smiles, takes off his hat, and then returns to 
his discussion with the priest. 

A way opens through the crowd, and the traders and Indians go 
to their canoes to arrange the luggage. Some of them turn to speak 
to different ones in the crowd. The Indians stand aside in a group, 
watching, while Verendrye and his party stand apart on the right, 
eagerly scanning the map. 

The priest, leaving Verendrye and his sons still intent upon the 
chart, advances towards the canoes. There are murmurs of "Father 
Degonnor," and the crowd moves back to allow him to pass. Father 
Degonnor stands a moment silent, then turning towards the crowd, 
lifts his hand. The murmur quickly dies out. Even the irrepressible 
venders are silent, and stand watching him intently. 

Father Degonnor: 

My children, our brave commander is going on a far journey — a 
journey of danger and hardship. He has sought aid of the king in 



A Pageant of the North-West 

vain. He has asked aid of the governor and received only words. 
Now, alone and without aid, he goes to find the Western Sea. He 
goes to discover land and wealth — not for himself, but for the coun- 
try which so neglects him. 

The Crowd: 

Verendrye! Verendrye! Vive La Verendrye! 

At the sound, Verendrye lool^s up, and comes slowly to- 
wards the canoes amidst cheers. Some rush to meet him, 
others gather about his canoe, all expressing their admira- 
tion for him and belief in his expedition. Upon reaching 
his canoe, Verendrye turns and loof^s back toivard the 
people, but his e\je rests on Charles, his youngest son, who 
is to be left behind. 

Verendrye: 

Adieu, comrades. [Deepip moved.] We go in search of the West- 
ern Sea. This chief, Ochagach, [indicating the big Indian], has 
brought us word of a westward flowing river. He has told us of 
a sea which ebbs and flows. He has told us of a great salt lake 
and many villages. I believe this chief. I believe that this points 
to a true way to the Western Sea — a way to the north through the 
land of the Cristineaux and Assiniboins. The king has refused us aid, 
but, believing that this expedition will add to the glory and wealth of 
France, we offer our own money, our own lives for this service. 

The crowd stands for a moment silent, then cheer after 
cheer goes up, silenced onl}^ by Father Degonnor coming 
forward and placing his hand on V erendrye' s shoulder. 

Father Degonnor: 

That you will undergo such sacrifice and hardship for France is 
noble. Though France now does not respond, she will yet appreciate 



The Third Part: Verendrye 

and repay you. Let us now, however, as always, show our loyalty 
and patriotism to her flag. 

Amidst cheers he unfolds the old flag of France, a white 
field covered with gold fleur de lis. Then every hat is 
removed and in silence Father Degonner fastens the flag 
to the front of Verendrye^s canoe. 

Verendrye: 
He turns to the priest. 
Under the flag of France, and with the blessing of God may we go. 

Father Degonnor: 

He raises his hand, while the crowd I^neels, and maJ^es 
the sign of the cross over them. 

Benedicat vos, omnipotens Deus Pater, et Filius, et Spiritus Sanctus. 
Amen. 

Verendrye and his sons bid farewell to Charles and step 
into their canoes. As they push off there is a great cheer- 
ing from the shore. Some one on shore starts the words 
**Malhrouck s'en Va {en Guerre.'' Others take it up. 
Soon all are singing, and continue singing till the canoes 
disappear in the distance. Then the dais of Our Lady of 
Spring is once more borne aloft, the flower maidens take 
their places, dancing gracefully, while the carnival proces- 
sion winds its way and disappears among the trees. 



Slf^ ®ljtr& Part: U^r^nitrg^ 

The Spirit of Prophecy 

Eight years have passed since Verendrye left 
To seek the distant, unknown Western Sea. 
He now returns, a worn-out, feeble man, 
Broken in health, but strong in spirit still. 
And sends his sons to finish his great task. 
He dies amone his friends in Montreal. 



®Ijf Q^ifxth Part: Vtxmhr^t 

Episode II. The Death of Verendrye. 1 749. 
Scene: Montreal, Verendrye* s Garden. Afternoon. 

It is the autumn of 1 749, and the warm sun fills every nook 
and corner of Verendrye's garden. In the sunniest spot is a rustic 
table and a large chair. Upon the table are books and papers. 
Mrs. Mowbray, \^erendrye's housekeeper, comes out with her arms 
full of pillows, and arranges them in the chair. Slowly Verendrye 
approaches from the house, leaning upon the arm of his youngest 
son, Charles. He is very feeble and stops now and then to rest. 
Charles is carrying more books and papers. V'erendr3^e sinks down 
wearily into his seat, while Charles and the housekeeper arrange the 
cushions about him. V^erendrye speaks with indomitable hopefulness. 

Verendrye : 
Are there any letters or messages, Charles? 

Charles: 

He tries to conceal his anxiety and arranges the papers 
so that Verendrye may reach them easily. 

Oh, yes, father; a great many letters of congratulation for your 
appointment to a captaincy; letters and messages from everywhere, 
congratulating you upon being decorated Math the Cross of St. Louis. 

Verendrye smiles as if he enjoyed hearing of this belated 
recognition of his services, but he also tpaits eagerly for 
some further word. Charles busies himself. 

Verendrye: 
Nothing else? 

Charles: 
A message from the doctor to say he would call this afternoon; a 
man, also, to check over the supplies. 



A Pageant of the North-West 

Verendrye: 

A doctor! What do I need further of a doctor! Am I not pre- 
paring to start upon a new expedition? One that will at last reach 
the Western Sea? [He becomes excited, he sits erect in his chair 
and gazes in front of him as if visualizing the successful expedition.] 
And we will reach it, I am sure of it. But for our unexpected mis- 
fortunes, we should have reached it before. Now that we have the 

authority of the king and the recognition [He coughs. Charles 

seeing that Verendrye is overexciiing himself by talking, offers him 
some of the letters to read, but the old man pushes them axva^.] 

Verendrye : 
It is enough that you tell me what they say. It is enough to feel 
that at last my motives are known to be true, and not mercenary, 
that my patriotism was genuine, and not for personal ambition. [He 
moves restlessl}) and coughs again.] But was there not other word 
from Pierre and Henry? 

Charles: 
No. But no news must mean that they are nearly home. 

Verendrye: 
Oh, to have them here, to tell them the good news, to plan with them 
this new expedition! [The doctor approaches. Charles greets him.] 

Charles: 
The doctor has come, father. 

Verendrye: 

He picks up a map from the table and appears deeply in- 
terested. 

Tell him Tm too busy to see him. 



The Third Part: Verendrye 

The Doctor: 

He taJ(es the map from his hand and places it on the table. 

Nonsense, Captain! I'm not to be put off for a map! 

Verendrye submits lisilessl]) to the doctor's examination 
and questions. The doctor is verp serious. 
At this moment, Pierre and Henry appear, having just 
returned from their quest for the Western Sea. 

Verendrye: 

He is veri; much excited, and clings to their hands. 
At last! At last! 

They are greatly shocl^ed at their father s changed appear- 
ance^ and at a warning gesture from the doctor, they try to 
quiet him. 

Verendrye: 

Oh, the good news! The good news! The king has at last author- 
ized me to search for the Western Sea. 

Charles: 

Angry at the Ti)ay France has treated his father, he breaks 
in in disgust. 

Yes, but at his own expense. 

Verendrye: 

Too much taken up "n^ith his plans to heed, he goes right 
on. 

The supplies are ready. I have mapped out the route. All is 
prepared. 

Pierre and Henry look at the doctor, who, standing behind 
Verendrye's chair, shakes his head. 



A Pageant of the North-West 

Verendrye: 

Impatientl})^ 
Tell us of your success. 

Pierre: 

He seats himself on the table b}) his father. 

After leaving you, father, we travelled in a southwesterly direction 
for two or three days. We came to a fort, and there found a band 
of friendly Mandans, who urged us to remain with them. 

Verendrye: 
Eagerly, 
How large a settlement? 

Pierre: 

Not very large, but some French towns would do well to take it 
as a model; streets straight and orderly, and swept bare and clean. 
We learned more of the westward flowing river we sought. It 
flows there straight to the sea, southwest by west. * 

Henry: 

Excitedly^y 

You see ! That is a sure route to the Western Sea ; all other rivers 
or lakes we know of flow into Hudson Bay or the North Sea. 

Verendrye: 
Incredulously, 
But does the river surely flow to the West? 

Henry: 

Yes, indeed! We have definite information on that point. It flows 
rapidly, but has many shoals. And it is so muddy and sulphurous 



The Third Part: Verendrye 

that the Indians cannot drink the water. And white men dwell on 
the lower end of this river; they make cloth and linen, and war con- 
tinually. 

Verendrye: 

He spea}(s exciiedl]), emphasizing Tvith his finger. 
Those are undoubtedly the Spaniards! 

Henry: 
We thought so from the description. 

Pierre: 

We could gain no more information from them, though they were 
anxious to help us. 

Verendrye: 

Strengthened h^ his excitement, he stands erect. 

Great news ! My boy, what you have learned is of untold value ! 
My sons, you are the discoverers of the river which will link the 
Atlantic with the great Western Sea. 

The effort is too much for him. He totters, and Charles 
helps him to his chair. 

Verendrye: 
I'm all right, go on, Pierre. 

Pierre: 

With two Mandans for guides, we travelled through marvelous lands 
where the earths were of different colors: blue, green, red or black, 
yellow or white — bad lands. After twenty days we reached a vil- 
lage of the Crows. 



A Pageant of the North-West 
Henry: 

Disgustedly, 
Yes, and then those "trusty" guides deserted us. 

Pierre: 

Leaving there, we met a band of Bow Indians on the war path for 
the Snakes. They were headed for the great Western Range, of 
which we*d heard so much, so we joined them. Soon we saw those 
marvelous mountains — great, high, rugged peaks of bright stones. 

Henry: 

Enthusiastically, 

Oh, you should have seen them — their peaks covered with snow and 
glistening in the sun. Thick forests of mammoth fir and pine cov- 
ered the slopes. 

Verendrye: 
To have seen it! But I shall! I shall! 

Pierre: 

If only we could have reached their summit I feel sure we should 
have seen the Great Sea stretching out before us. [ Verendrye 
braces himself by his chair-arms, and leans forward straining to rvatch 
Pierre. But those crazy Indians, seeing a deserted camp of their 
deadly foe, the Snakes, turned tail and ran like so many scared 
rabbits. 

At this Verendrye collapses. The brave old voyageur 
seems to foresee the doom that overshadows his life- 
ambition. 

Doctor : 
Charles, you had better go for a priest. 

Charles soes out. 



The Third Part: Verendrye 

VeRENDRYE! 
Reviving a little. 
So near success, so near — but we will succeed yet. If I cannot, my 
sons 

Pierre: 

Trying to quiet him. 
Of course we shall, father. Don't overdo now — save yourself. 

Verendrye: 

Yes, yes, I must. I will [He tries in vain to unbutton his 

coat evidently feeling for something.] My — my — cross — of — St. 
Louis. [Henry takes the cross, gives it into his hands. Verendrye 
holds it up D>ea^/p, and tries to speak, hut failing, presses it to 
his lips. The priest and Charles enter. All stand about silently, 
Tvatching him as he presses the medal to his heart. 

Doctor : 

It is time to go in now, Captain. 

Verendrye: 

He leans heavily for support. 

This is nothing, I'm — I'm just a little [He forces himself 

to stand erect almost unsupported. A light comes into his eyes; 
and he turns to his sons] You shall yet, my sons, prove my un- 
selfishness, my true ambition to discover the Western Sea for the 
glory of the king and the welfare of France. 

Gently the Doctor and Charles lead the broken man into 
the house. Pierre and Henry start to follow, but the 
priest halts them. The brothers turn toward each other 
and, full of emotion, clasp hands. 



A Pageant of the North-West 

Pierre: 

Our father will lead no more expeditions, mon frere, but his great 
spirit must live on. We, his sons, must carry out his ambition to 
reach the Western Sea — for the glory of the king and the welfare 
of France. 

Henry: 
For the glory of the king and the welfare of France. 

The priest leads the n?a\j after Verendrye into the house. 




E^mts nnh Olkrk 



' ' What Lewis and Clark, i^i^^ open is a world 
upon which nature has lavished her bounties. The 
present fruition is scarcely calculable; the hope for 
the future is boundless. " 

— Hosmer. 



THE SONG OF THE BIRD WOMAN 

To be chanted 6p the SPIRIT OF PROPHECY and the 

Attending Spirits 

I. 

Sleep, sleep, little Indian maiden. 
Sleep, sleep, for the breeze is laden 
With the perfume of the pine, 
With the perfume of the pine. 

Sleep, sleep, for the sun is sinking. 
Sleep, sleep, for the stars are blinking 
On the leaves and on the vine. 
On the leaves and on the vine. 

II. 

Watch, watch, steaith3^ silent savage. 
Watch, M^atch, lest the dread foe ravage, 
Lest the enemy draw nigh; 
Lest the enemy draw nigh. 

Watch, watch, for the pine is moaning. 
Watch, watch, for the trees are groaning. 
And the winds give forth a sigh; 
And the winds give forth a sigh. 

III. 

Wake, wake, for the lodge is burning. 
Wake, wake, for the blaze is turning 
All the black night into day. 
All the black night into day. 

Wake, wake, 'tis the wounded crying. 
Wake, wake, 'tis thy mother dying. 
For the foe have won the fray; 
F or the foe have won the fray. 



IV. 

Toil, toil, for thy lot is slavery, 
Toil, toil, bear thy fate with bravery, 
For release is drawling nigh; 
For release is drawing nigh. 

Toil, toil, guide the white men thither. 
Toil, toil, till thou reach the river. 
Till thou reach the Western Sea; 
Till thou reach the Western Sea. 

V. 

Sleep, sleep, gentle mother, slumber; 
Sleep, sleep, with the countless number; 
We will not forget thy name; 
We will not forget thy name. 

Sleep, sleep, where the pine is sighing, 
Sleep, sleep, where the winds are dying. 
Where the brook sings of thy fame; 
Where the brook sings of thy fame. 




®tjp 3Po«rtlj Part: IGpmta unh Clark 

The Lewis and Clark Expedition. 1804-06. 

Scene: Fort Mandan on the Missouri, near the site of Stanton^ 

North Dakota. 

An Indian harvest celebration. It is just after the corn gather- 
ing, and the Mandans have been plentifully blessed by the Great 
Spirit. As a sign of Thanksgiving, they are having one of their 
ancient ceremonial dances. But beyond the mere festal atmosphere 
there is an added note of excitement prevalent, for on the preceding 
day a strange company of white men had arrived — none other 
than the members of the famous Lewis and Clark expedition, which 
had proceeded thus far on its memorable journey. Their com- 
ing is a great event in the history of the village, and members 
of other tribes have been summoned to appear at a grand council 
which is to be held in honor of Lewis and Clark. During the fes- 
tivities horsemen are descried in the distance, who, on nearer approach, 
prove to be chiefs of various tribes. On their arrival they are 
welcomed by Sheheke and Black Cat, sachems of the Mandans. 
An Indian lad is bidden to inform Lewis and Clark of the guests' 
arrival. All is now in readiness for the grand council, which is an- 
nounced by the shot of a gun. The entire company then proceed 
to the shelter of boughs which has been prepared for the assembly. 
The women at their corn-grinding and the children playing in the 
streets cease their activities to gaze in awe and admiration on the 
dignified Lewis and Clark and their attending sergeants and privates. 

When all have arrived, they seat themselves in a semi-circle 
around a pile of gifts, beads, bright blankets, utensils, etc., placed 
there by the white men. Those present are Captains Lewis and 
Clark, occupying the chief positions, Sheheke and Black Cat, sachems 
of the Mandans; Black Moccasin, chief of the Minnetaree; Chief 



A Pageant of the North-West 

Lighting Crow of the Aricara ; Eagle's Feather, Little Raven, and 
Black Buffalo, lesser Indian sagamores; John Ordway, Nathaniel 
Pryor, and Patrick Gass, sergeants; John Colter, Robert Frazler, 
Rueben Field, Hugh Hall, and Richard Windsor, privates; Char- 
bonneau and Jessuame, interpreters. The pipe of peace is solemnly 
extended by Sheheke, the Mandan, to Lewis and Clark, who smoke 
it, and pass it on to the other members of the company. In due 
time Captain Lewis rises to speak. 

Captain Lewis: 

We have come to you from the Great Father, many miles to the 
East. Reports came to him of your fine villages, of your many 
people, of your bravery, and of your great stores of corn and tobac- 
co. The Great Father wanted to know more of you; so he 
planned this expedition and supplied us with guns, hatchets, beads, 
and knives. These we will give you if you will be his friends and 
help him in what he wants to do. We want to find the best route 
from here to the Great Water on the West, that we may trade 
with you and with other nations. (Interpreter.) 
This spring we set out from the mouth of the Missouri. On our way 
we have made friends with the Pawnees, the Mohas, the Missouris, 

and Ottoes, and many other tribes. As the days grew shorter and 
the leaves began to fall, v/e knew that winter was coming and we 
made haste to reach your villages. We will help you make friends 
with your most dreaded enemies, the Sioux. You can all live as 
children of one father in this rich and beautiful river country, and 
be at peace through all the years. With your permission we will 
make our winter camp here, and stay until the ice breaks, and spring 
comes. (Interpreter.) 

Black Cat: 

I see the two sons of my Great Father. [Gestures to'n>ard them.] 
We are glad to welcome you to our villages and to help you in 



The Fourth Part: Lewis and Clark 

any way we can. It will give us great joy if you will remain with 
us till the ice goes down the river in the spring. We are tired of 
warfare with the Sioux; if you will stay with us and help us, we 
will make peace with them and with all our neighbors. (Iniefpreier.) 

Captain Clarjc: 
Rising. 
We are glad that the Great Father sent us to you. We will smoke 

with you as friends and brothers, and eat with you in your lodges. 

We know that many tribes come to you for corn and tobacco. You 

have been trading your furs and hides to the north ; now you must 

send them south to us. (Interpreter.) 

At this point Laroche and Henderson of the Northwest 
Compan}) enter on horseback and McCracken and Hane"^ 
of the Hudson s Bay Company, by canoes, accompanied 
by an Indian guide. 

We need the guides to help us cross the mountains. When we come 
back the Great Father would like some of you to go to Washington 
with us. There you will see that our people are more numerous 
than the blades of grass on the prairie. Be sure that some one is 
ready to go back with us when we return. (Interpreter.) 

Black Moccasin, the Minnetaree: 

Your friendly words are grateful to the Minnetaree. We much ad- 
mire the sons of the Great Father. We think them very wise and 
brave. W^e wish to help them all we can. If they will trade with 
us, it will make our hearts glad for we need their guns and knives. 
(Interpreter.) 

Captain Lewis: 

To the traders. 

We see that a number of our neighbors of the Northwest Company 

and the Hudson's Bay Company, are present. We hear that you 

have circulated unfavorable reports concerning us among the Indians; 



A Pageant of the North-West 

also that you have distributed British flags and medals among the 
tribes. We wish to preserve friendly relations with you as far as 
possible, and should like to hear what you have to say^ 

McCracken, of the Hudson's Bay Company: 
We did not know that such false stories were being circulated. We 
came here because no one else was here, and the Indians needed 
supplies. We don't wish to compete with the United States Govern- 
ment, and we shall be glad to withdraw from their territory. 

Laroche, of the Northwest Company: 

The Northwest Company has traded in this territory because the 
Indians invited us and because the Hudson's Bay Company was in 
the field. We did not know the exact boundary of Louisiana, nor 
did we know that we were infringing on United States territory. 

At the conclusion of the trader's remarks a gun shot announces 
the end of the formal council. The gifts, which have long been 
the center of interest, are now distributed. United States flags, and 
medals bearing the image of Thomas Jefferson, are given to all; 
fire-arms, knives, blankets, hatchets, beads, and shirts are also re- 
ceived with delight by the Indians. As a mark of special esteem, 
an iron corn mill is presented to Black Cat, the Mandan, who, in 
turn, makes a gift of a handsome bow and arrow to Captain Lewis. 
Grunts of satisfaction are continually heard from the Indians. 
Sheheke is very desirous of going to Washington, and informs Levvis 
that on the expedition's return he will do so. 

At the request of Black Moccasin, York, the negro servant 
of Clark, is summoned. All the way from Clark's tent to the shelter 
he is attended by an admiring crowd of Mandan women and chil- 
dren, who have never seen so strange and handsome a creature. 
On reaching the assembly the chiefs and warriors also crowd around 
him, marveling at his rich, dark coloring and even wetting the tips 
of their fingers and rubbing them on his face to see if the color will 
come off. 



The Fourth Part: Lewis and Clark 

When the novelty of the negro's appearance has somewhat di- 
minished, McCracken, the trader, with much spirit, dances the Scotch 
sword dance for the amusement of the Indians. Mr. Jessuame educes 
a lively musical accompaniment from the fiddle, which he has brought 
with him on the expedition. The whole performance seems quite 
marvelous to the native audience, and there are many grunts of won- 
der and appreciation. 

Charbonneau is now seen in conference with the traders. His 
wife, Sakakawea, has entered the shelter, and stands watching him 
intently. She knows full well how unscrupulous he is, and evidently 
fears that some doubtful bargain is being driven. Her fears seem 
to be well grounded, for presently he goes over to Lewis and Clark. 

Charbonneau: 
You go too far for me — one pretty long journey — lots of work — 
maybe we get killed — maybe freeze. I not go with you unless I 
come back when I want to. 

Captain Clark: 
With disgust and indifference. 
When we hired you, you understood the terms. We offered you 
$500 to go with us as interpreter. If you don't want the money 
there are plenty who do. We'll get some one else. 

Charbonneau goes off in wounded pride to Sa^akarvea. 
When she hears of his proposal to leave the expedition^ 
she berates him soundly as only an Indian ivoman can. 
After a severe scolding she succeeds in making him prom- 
ise to go Tpith Lewis and Clark- ^^ ^hen returns to them. 

Charbonneau: 
I think now I go with you. I good interpreter and need the money. 

Captain Lewis: 
Very well, then, we engage you again as interpreter. See that you 
behave yourself. 



A Pageant of the North-West 

Sakakawea f(non>s thai she rvill accompany her husband 
and that the expedition must pass through the country 
of the Shoshones, her native tribe, on their Ti>ay to the 
Pacific. Overjoyed at the prospect of thus returning to 
the home of her childhood, she gives words to her feelings^ 
crooning softly to her child. 

SAKAKAWEA'S CHANT 
(In Hidatsa.) 

Hi-di a-du-ma-kuats, ma-ta a-wa-ha-mi se-ta, 
A-wa-ha-ku-pi o-da-ka-pa-ki it-o-da-ku-ta, 
To-du mi-i-a-wa-tu-hets a-wa-a-du-si-pi-kua, 
Ma-tu-as it-a-wa-ma-kuk dok-te-o-du-sak se-ta. 

Ti-a hi-do-o a-wa-a-du-tsi-di-a-kua wa-wa-kuts 
Ma-da-ta tsa-ki-tats, ma-de-hi-ka-ti wa-dets. 
Tsa-ka-ka mi-a-wi-kuts-duk mi-hi-se a-was-kets. 
Pa-tsi-ta-ta hu-tsi a-de se-ta ki-de ma-i-hets. 

A-wa-ha-wi it-o-ki-du a-wa-ma-ku a-ma-hu-se 
Ma-tsi o hi-do-o a-ku-ki-e-de-tsi. 
So-so-ni, doh-pa-ka Ma-ho-pa a-ku-ki-de-sits 
I-ta-wa a-de se-ki-ta mak-ma-kua-mits.* 

The call of the Herald's trumpet is ansTvered by the stately 
Spirit of Prophecy who chants the Epilogue. 

*Now I shall gro home agrain, home to my mountains, 
Home to the plains of the fair Seiro lily, 
Home to the forests and tepees of childhood, 
Home to the hills and cliff-graves of my Fathers. 

The years have been bleak in this cold prairie country, 
My heart has grrown restless, my feet have grown weary; 
As birds fain would fly from the southland in spring-time, 
I've yearned for my home when the soft Chinook called me. 

Across the grreat Tetons and Wind River Ranges, 
Through canyons and passes, these brave men will travel, 
Till I lead them at last to the warm sheltered valleys. 
Where dwell the Shoshone, loved by the Great Spirit. 



The Spirit of Prophecy: 

In me, I beg of you, revere the prophet. 

And listen to my words with ears attentive; 

For clearly as the Seer saw New Jerusalem 

Descending from the clouds, I too, see visions. 

This barren waste, this mighty wilderness. 

Which steretches on and on from sea to sea. 

Shall be the dwelling place of multitudes; 

A people, mighty in strength shall till the soil. 

And cause the desert and the swamp to bear. 

Cities shall rise where scattered wigwams stood. 

And merchants, plying their trade from place to place, 

Shall bind the distant city to the near. 

Strangers from every land shall come to make 

Their homes among you. The oppressed, the weary, 

Shall find new life, joy, contentment, peace. 

But before that day, battles shall rage. 

And brothers by their brothers shall be slain; 

The bond that binds you tested for its strength. 

The firmness of your union tried with fire. 

But when the conflict ceases, when the slave 

Is loosed, behold your nation shall emerge 

From out the smoke of battle glorified. 

The cloud of war which overspread the sun 

Shall pass, and in the bright new day, he 

Who but lately fought, shall guide the plow again. 

Now mark me well — he who survives till this 

Shall feel within his soul new spirit born; 

And he who lately builded freedom's fire 



Shall be the champion of democracy. 
The time of war and blood shall be no more; 
The time of hate and murder be forgot. 
In arts of peace, the wise men shall instruct. 
And he who once was reckoned rich and proud 
Shall then brush elbows with the humble poor. 
This duty do I leave you, gentle friends, 
This duty deep and mighty at our parting. 
To scatter love where naught but hate is growing; 
To scatter peace where war's red blaze is glowing; 
To raise your hearts above the wrongs of strife; 
To lift your souls above the woes of life; 
To serve, though what you do be unrepaid ; 
To face tomorrow trustful, unafraid. 

The Pageant is concluded b^ a Grand Parade of all the characters, 
the hand plaving **The Star-Spangled Banner y* the audience rising 
to sing. 




PROFESSOR FREDERICK H. KOCH 
Founder and Director of the Sock and Buskin Society 



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By William Whitford 

"To study the literature of the drama; to promote the art of 
the theatre, by the discussion of good plays ; to stimulate and develop 
higher ideals for the drama in America; and to initiate a movement 
for establishing, as soon as practicable, a University theatre in the 
University of North Dakota," is the high aim of the Sock and Buskin 
Society. At the invitation of Professor Frederick H. Koch of the 
Department of English, a number of congenial spirits, representative 
of the faculty and student body, met on January 3, 1 9 1 0, to perfect 
the organization of the Sock and Buskin Society of the University of 
North Dakota. Two v^^eeks later the first meeting of the society was 
held at the President's-House-on-the-Campus. The paper of the 
evening, "The Theatre: Its Origin and End," was presented by Pro- 
fessor Koch. 

As first organized the society was composed of thirty active mem- 
bers, fifteen from the faculty and fifteen from the student body; but 
owing to the unusual interest shown the membership was later in- 
creased to forty. In order to become a member of the society the can- 
didate must pass one of two tests — he must either write an acceptable 
piece of dramatic criticism or he must present, to the satisfaction of the 
membership committee, a scene from dramatic literature. In this 
way two types of members are secured — first, those of critical 
ability and second, those of histrionic talent. The success of the 
society, both in its private and public performances, is due to the 
co-operation of its two kinds of members. In addition to active 
membership, the society has an honorary membership, composed of 
certain of its distinguished visitors, among them Mr. William Faver- 
sham, the distinguished Shakespearean actor-manager; Mr. Henry 
Lawrence Southwick, President of the Emerson College of Oratory 
of Boston; and Miss Marguerite Curtis, dramatic critic of the Lon- 
don Daily Telegraph. 



The Sock and Buskin Society 

The society is at present studying the development of the mod- 
ern drama. The program of each meeting is composed of a critical 
review of a particular playwright and the presentation of represen- 
tative scenes from his works. For instance, when the work of 
Charles Rann Kennedy was studied, with the critical essay was 
given a performance of "The Terrible Meek," together with scenes 
from "The Winter Feast" and "The Necessary Evil." To this 
combination of exposition and illustration in all the programs, the 
rapid progress of the society has been due. 

A custom established this year is the Twelfth Night Revels, 
held on the twelfth night after Christmas. The spirit of the occa- 
sion is well kept in the original pantomimes, dialogues and ballads 
given by the members. 

All meetings of the society are open to visitors. Besides, each 
year a performance of some significant play is offered the public. 
The first of these performances was Shakespeare's delightful comedy, 
"Twelfth Night," presented on June 3, 1910, during commence- 
ment week. The play was staged upon the University Campus, 
under ideal weather conditions, before an audience of six hundred 
people. Aside from the splendid acting, the production was un- 
usually significant because of the fact that it was the first open-air 
performance of its kind ever given at the University or in the State of 
North Dakota. 

The second public performance was a revival of the impressive 
Morality Play, "Everyman," unique m its presentation because of 
the cathedral scene, especially designed by one of the members of 
the society. Professor Koch in the title role gave a delineation of 
the character declared by many who had heard both, comparable 
and in many ways, superior to the Ben Greet interpretation. The 
third play, produced by the society in 1912 was "Nathan Hale," 
a patriotic drama by Clyde Fitch. The play was offered because 



The Sock and Buskin Society 

of its historical interest, and because it was written by an American 
dramatist. Due consideration was paid to the one-act movement 
in the drama, when in 1913, the society placed before the public 
three Irish plays. The plays chosen for the production were Lady 
Gregory's comedy, "Spreading the News," William Butler Yeats* 
poetic morality play, "The Hour Glass," and John M. Synge's 
poignant tragedy of the fisher- folk of the Aran Islands, "Riders to 
the Sea." This year the society gave as its annual public per- 
formance Henrik Ibsen's significant social drama, "Little Eyolf." 
The success of this ambitious effort was a notable achievement 

While the society has been engaged in the criticism and pre- 
sentation of plays, it has been accumulating a considerable library 
of modern dramatic literature. It has allied itself with the Drama 
League of America, the most active organization at the present 
time, working for the uplift of the drama. The director of the 
society. Professor Koch, besides being *he state representative of the 
League is one of its national propaganda speakers. 

In the composition and presentation of "A Pageant of the 
North- West," the society has undertaken a piece of work which 
at first seemed almost impossible. It was only through the en- 
thusiastic cooperation of eighteen members of the society, directed by 
Professor Koch and aided by Professor Libby, that a pageant was 
possible. The pageant was written in four parts, — each part 
by a group of four undergraduate students. The Prologue, 
the Epilogue, and the Interlude were written by Mr. Cecil A. 
McKay; the music was composed by Miss Margaret Plank. This 
communal method of composition is probably without a precedent in 
the history of pageant literature. It is distinctly a social method of 
production, and it is altogether fitting that its presenation should 
serve as the dedication of The Bankside Theatre, on the banks of 
the English Coulee at the University. 

The Sock and Buskin Society is thus, in a sense, a laboratory of 
dramatic literature. Through the enacting of representative plays, 
by critical analyses, and reviews, and by constructive practice in 
play making, the society is helping to prepare the way for a New 
American Drama. 



2II|f ^atk nnb lluskitt ^omt^ 

Active Members 



Alexander, Helen. 
Anderson, Cuyler. 
Bacon, Hume. 
Balch, Flora. 
Bek, William 
Benson, George. 
Bowman, Anne. 
Brush, Henry. 

Chase, Majel. 
Cook. Morrill. 
Duggan, Louise. 
Gallup, Florence. 
Gronna, Amy. 
Halcrovv, Ethel. 
Hansen, Clifiord. 
Hanson, Mabel. 
Hedrick, Blanche. 
Hixon, Catherine. 
Huston, Howard. 

Johnston, Wesley. 

Kelsey, Vera. 
Koch. Frederick. 
Koch, Mrs. Frederick. 
Kolars, Margaret. 
Koucky, Joseph. 

Larson, Randall. 
Leine, Inga. 



Londergan, Johanna. 
Lord, Vine. 

McKay, Cecil. 
Murphy, Eva. 

O'Keefe, Genevieve. 

Poupore, Anne. 
Plank, Margaret. 

Rohde, Else. 
Rutherford, Merle. 

Schlosser, Walter. 
Schwam, Harry. 
Serumgard, Inez. 
Severson, Emma. 
Shaft, Arthur. 
South, Harry. 
Stomner, Alvin. 

Taylor, John Adams. 
Talcott, Porter. 

Webster, Horace. 
Whelan, Thomas. 
Whitford, William. 
Williams, Inis. 
Wolff, Herman. 
Wright, Avice. 



Graduate Members 



Acker, Iver. 
Anderson, Maxwell. 

Bacon, William 
Barrington, Elgie. 
Batten, Annabel. 
Boyson, Christine. 
Brekke, Frank 
Budge, Jessie. 

Chase, Russell. 
Covert, Emily. 
Craig, Raymond. 
Crary, Burton. 
Cunningham, Gertrude, 

Dickson, Allie. 
Dresser, William. 

Egelhoff, Clarence. 

Fisher, Lawrence. 
Flynn, Ellen. 
Fritz, Chester. 

Halvorson, Orpheus, 
Haskett, Margaret. 
Helmer, Beatrice. 
Helmer, Myrtle. 
Hickman, Emma. 
Hofto, Jacob. 
Houghton, Theodosia. 
Howland, Garth. 

Irwin, Temple. 

Jacobi, Geraldine. 
Jacobstein, Meyer. 
Jacobstein, Mrs. Meyer. 

Kamplin, Rheinhart. 



Kaufman, Ethel. 
Kennedy, James. 
Kneeshaw, Pauline. 
Kneeshaw, Stanley. 
Kolars, Alice. 

LeDaum, Henri. 
Linwell, Delia. 
Londergan, Edith. 

Mcllraith, Annie. 
Major, Maude. 
Meacham, Genevieve. 

Netcher, Arthur. 

Oeschger, Gretchen. 

Page, Hollis. 
Peterson, Lola. 
Plank, Lawrence. 

Quirke, Terence. 

Ruud, Martin. 

Slyfield, Frederick. 
Slyfield, Mrs. Frederick. 
Steinbar, Minnie. 

Thompson, Roy. 
Torgerson, William. 
Turner, Echo. 
Tweto, Alma. 
Trotter, Winnifred. 
Turner, Genevieve. 

Veitch, Bernice. 

Werner, Ruth. 
Williams, Florence. 
Wolff, Clarence. 



Honorary Members 

Baker, George Pierce, Professor of Dramatic Literature, Harvard 
University. 

Burton, Richard, Professor of English Literature, University of 
Minnesota. 

Collier, Constance, Shakespearean Actress, London, Engalnd. 

Curtis, Marguerite, Dramatic Critic, London, England. 

Durand, Ada, Librarian, Grand Forks. 

Faversham, William, Shakespearean Actor-manager, New York. 

Fulton, Ella Louise, Department of English, University of North 
Dakota. 

Gillette, John Morris, Department of Sociology, University of North 
Dakota. 

Hult, Gottfried, Department of Greek, University of North Dakota. 

Kennedy. Joseph, Dean of the School of Education, University of 
North Dakota. 

Kingsbury, Nella, Department of Expression, Wesley College, Uni- 
versity of North Dakota. 

Libby, Orin Grant, Department of History, University of North 
Dakota. 

McVey, Frank LeRond, President of the University of North 
Dakota. 

McVey, Mrs. Frank LeRond, University of North Dakota. 

Myers, Gus, Manager of the Metropolitan Opera House, Grand 
Forks. 

Myrben, Mrs. Christine Nielson, Actress, New York. 

Norton, William Wellington, Department of Music, University of 
North Dakota. 

Southwick, Henry Lawrence, President of Emerson College of Ora- 
tory, Boston. 

Squires, Vernon Purinton, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, 
University of North Dakota. 

Sumner, Clarence Wesley, Librarian, University of North Dakota. 




The First Out-of-door Stage at the University of North Dakota. 
"Twelfth Night" 1910. 




Shakespeare's TWELFTH NIGHT 1910 



Sir Andrew Aguecheek 

Maria 

Sir Toby Belch 



Kavmond Craig 

Echo Turner 

Lawrence Fisher 




EVERYMAN 



Everyman 
Good Deeds 



1911 

Professor F. H. Koch 
Myrtle Helmet 




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